%PDF-1.6 % 1 0 obj <> stream xmUMo0WxNWH Z&T~3ڮ zy87?nkNehܤ=77U\;?:v==onU;O^uu#½O ۍ=٘a?kLy6F/7}̽][H<Sicݾk^90jYVH^v}0<rL ͯ_/CkBnyWTHkuqö{s\녚"p]ϞќKյu/A )`JbD>`2$`TY'`(ZqBJŌ )Ǩ%553<,(hlwB60a G+LgıcW crn q9Mܗ8%CMq.5ShrAI皎\Sȩ]8`Y7ь1Oyezl,dmYĸSSJf-1i:C&e c4R$D& &+übLaj by+bYBg YJYYr֟bx(rGT̛`F+٭L,C9?d+͊11ӊĊT_~+Cg!o!_??/?㫄Y ?^B\jUP{xᇻL^U}9pQq0O}c}3tȢ}Ə!VOu˷ endstream endobj 2 0 obj <> endobj 5 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC/ImageB/ImageI]/XObject<>>>/Length 15033 >> stream q /GS1 gs /Cs8 cs 1 scn BT 0 Tr /F1 1 Tf 14.3462 0 0 14.3462 88.671 726.153 Tm [(B)35(ASELINE)-250(DESIGN)-250(OF)-250(A)-250(PR)30(OTON)-250(LIN)20(A)75(C)-250(FOR)-250(BN)20(CT)-250(A)60(T)-250(OIS)15(T)] TJ /F2 1 Tf 11.9552 0 0 11.9552 126.436 702.245 Tm [(Y)105(.)-250(K)30(ondo)] TJ /F3 1 Tf 8.7671 0 0 8.7671 171.973 706.585 Tm [(\002)] TJ /F2 1 Tf 11.9552 0 0 11.9552 176.954 702.245 Tm [(,)-250(K.)-250(Haseg)20(a)30(w)25(a,)-250(J)55(AEA,)-250(T)90(okai,)-250(N)25(aka,)-250(Ibaraki,)-250(319-1195,)-250(Japan)] TJ 1.1666 TL 11.9552 0 0 11.9552 107.11411 688.29806 Tm [(Y)105(.)-250(Hig)20(ashi,)-250(H.)-250(Sug)20(a)30(w)25(ara,)-250(M.)-250(Y)105(oshioka,)-250(OIS)20(T)75(,)-250(Onna,)-250(Okina)30(w)25(a,)-250(904-0495,)-250(Japan)] TJ 1.1667 TL 11.9552 0 0 11.9552 135.39414 674.34993 Tm [(H.)-250(K)20(umada,)-250(T)75(suk)-15(uba)-250(U)30(niv)35(ersity)65(,)-250(T)75(suk)-15(uba,)-250(Ibaraki,)-250(305-0005,)-250(Japan)] TJ 11.9552 0 0 11.9552 140.11644 660.4018 Tm [(H.)-250(Matsumoto,)-250(F)60(.)-250(N)25(aito,)-250(KEK,)-250(T)75(suk)-15(uba,)-250(Ibaraki,)-250(305-0801,)-250(Japan)] TJ 11.9552 0 0 11.9552 158.83829 646.45367 Tm [(S.)-250(K)20(uroka)30(w)25(a,)-250(Cosy)30(lab,)-250(T)75(suk)-15(uba,)-250(Ibaraki,)-250(305-0044,)-250(Japan)] TJ 2.0164 TL /F4 1 Tf 11.9552 0 0 11.9552 56.69306 622.3472 Tm [(Abs)10(tr)25(act)] TJ /F2 1 Tf 10.1619 0 0 9.9626 66.656 606.8 Tm [(A)-289(ne)29(w)-290(f)25(acility)-290(to)-289(de)24(v)34(elop)-289(a)-290(proton)-289(linac-based)-290(neutron)] TJ 9.9427 0 0 9.9626 56.693 594.845 Tm [(source)-251(f)40(or)-251(boron)-251(neutron)-250(capture)-251(therap)30(y)-251(\(BN)15(CT\))-251(and)-251(v)25(ar)-20(i-)] TJ 10.1519 0 0 9.9626 56.693 582.89 Tm [(ous)-246(neutron)-247(science)-246(is)-246(planned)-246(at)-247(Okina)30(w)24(a)-246(ins)15(titute)-246(of)-247(sci-)] TJ 9.7733 0 0 9.9626 56.693 570.935 Tm [(ence)-256(and)-256(tec)15(hnology)-256(\(OIS)20(T\).)-256(This)-256(f)26(acility)-256(aims)-256(to)-256(de)25(v)36(elop)-256(a)] TJ 10.1619 0 0 9.9626 56.693 558.98 Tm [(prototype)-262(sy)24(s)15(tem)-262(of)-263(the)-262(mass)-262(production)-263(model)-262(of)-262(BN)14(CT)] TJ 9.7634 0 0 9.9626 56.693 547.024 Tm [(sy)26(s)15(tems)-254(as)-254(medical)-254(apparatus.)-339(The)-254(linac)-254(consis)15(ts)-254(of)-254(an)-255(ECR)] TJ 9.8331 0 0 9.9626 56.693 535.069 Tm [(ion)-254(source,)-253(a)-254(tw)36(o-solenoid-magnet)-254(LEBT)76(,)-254(a)-253(f)40(our)46(-v)25(ane)-253(RFQ,)] TJ 9.7634 0 0 9.9626 56.693 523.114 Tm [(and)-226(an)-226(Al)31(v)25(arez)-226(DTL,)-225(whic)15(h)-226(are)-226(v)36(er)-21(y)-226(con)31(v)36(entional)-226(as)-226(compo-)] TJ 9.863 0 0 9.9626 56.693 511.159 Tm [(nents)-253(of)-253(proton)-253(linac.)-337(As)-253(a)-253(medical)-253(apparatus,)-253(it)-253(is)-253(req)10(uired)] TJ 10.1619 0 0 9.9626 56.693 499.204 Tm [(that)-264(the)-263(linac)-264(sy)25(s)15(tem)-264(is)-263(s)14(table)-263(and)-264(operated)-263(easil)24(y)-263(without)] TJ 10.0523 0 0 9.9626 56.693 487.249 Tm [(e)35(xper)-25(ts)-248(of)-248(accelerator)50(.)-331(In)-248(this)-248(paper)40(,)-248(the)-248(baseline)-248(design)-248(of)] TJ 9.9626 0 0 9.9626 56.693 475.293 Tm [(this)-250(OIS)20(T)-250(BN)15(CT)-250(linac)-250(is)-250(descr)-20(ibed.)] TJ /F1 1 Tf 11.9552 0 0 11.9552 125.981 452.366 Tm [(INTR)30(ODUCTION)] TJ /F2 1 Tf 10.0124 0 0 9.9626 66.656 435.922 Tm [(T)90(o)-250(car)-25(r)-20(y)-250(out)-249(the)-250(boron)-250(neutron)-249(capture)-250(therap)30(y)-250(\(BN)15(CT\),)] TJ 9.9626 0 0 9.9626 56.693 423.966 Tm [(2)] TJ 0 TL /F3 1 Tf 9.9626 0 0 9.9626 64.46881 423.966 Tm [()] TJ /F2 1 Tf 9.9626 0 0 9.9626 73.59953 423.966 Tm [(10)] TJ 7.2727 0 0 7.2727 83.562 427.583 Tm [(9)] TJ 10.1619 0 0 9.9626 90.841 423.966 Tm [(n/cm)] TJ 7.2727 0 0 7.2727 111.165 427.583 Tm [(2)] TJ 10.1619 0 0 9.9626 115.299 423.966 Tm [(/s)-309(epi-ther)-20(mal)-309(\(0.5)-310(e)83(V)-309(to)-309(10)-310(k)20(e)83(V\))-309(neutrons)] TJ 10.1519 0 0 9.9626 56.693 412.011 Tm [(are)-244(req)9(uired.)-326(The)-244(yield)-245(of)-244(the)-244(epi-ther)-20(mal)-244(neutron)-245(itself)-244(is)] TJ 10.1619 0 0 9.9626 56.693 400.056 Tm [(lar)15(g)24(er)-287(at)-287(higher)-288(proton)-287(beam)-287(ener)15(gy)73(.)-453(Ho)34(w)30(e)24(v)35(er)39(,)-298(with)-287(high)] TJ 9.7634 0 0 9.9626 56.693 388.101 Tm [(ener)15(gy)-184(protons,)-199(f)25(as)16(t)-185(neutrons,)-199(the)31(y)-185(are)-184(har)-21(mful)-184(to)-185(the)-185(patients)] TJ 10.112 0 0 9.9626 56.693 376.146 Tm [(and)-247(cause)-248(the)-247(s)14(trong)-247(residual)-247(radiation)-248(around)-247(the)-248(neutron)] TJ 9.863 0 0 9.9626 56.693 364.191 Tm [(production)-251(tar)15(g)25(et,)-252(are)-251(also)-252(intensiv)36(el)25(y)-252(g)26(enerated.)-336(Theref)40(ore,)] TJ 10.1619 0 0 9.9626 56.693 352.235 Tm [(the)-265(proton)-264(ener)15(gy)-265(should)-264(be)-265(as)-264(lo)34(w)-265(as)-264(necessar)-20(y)-264(neutrons)] TJ 9.9227 0 0 9.9626 56.693 340.28 Tm [(are)-252(ac)15(hie)25(v)25(able.)-338(The)-252(BN)15(CT)-252(accelerator)-252(planned)-252(at)-252(Okina)30(w)25(a)] TJ 9.9925 0 0 9.9626 56.693 328.325 Tm [(ins)15(titute)-248(of)-249(science)-248(and)-248(tec)15(hnology)-248(\(OIS)20(T\))-249(is)-248(based)-248(on)-248(that)] TJ 10.1619 0 0 9.9626 56.693 316.37 Tm [(of)-298(Ibaraki)-298(neutron)-298(medical)-298(researc)15(h)-298(center)49(.)-485(It)-298(consis)15(ts)-298(of)] TJ 1.2 TL 10.1619 0 0 9.9626 56.693 304.41488 Tm [(a)-284(3-Me)84(V)-284(radio)-284(freq)10(uency)-284(q)10(uadr)-19(upole)-284(\(RFQ\))-284(linac)-284(and)-283(an)] TJ 10.0921 0 0 9.9626 56.693 292.46 Tm [(8-Me)84(V)-246(Al)30(v)24(arez-type)-246(dr)-19(ift)-246(tube)-246(linac)-246(\(DTL\),)-246(and)-246(is)-245(using)-246(a)] TJ 9.8132 0 0 9.9626 56.693 280.504 Tm [(ber)-20(y)30(llium)-253(tar)15(g)25(et.)-337(The)-254(peak)-253(beam)-254(cur)-25(rent)-253(is)-254(50)-253(mA,)-253(the)-254(duty)] TJ 9.8331 0 0 9.9626 56.693 268.549 Tm [(f)25(actor)-253(is)-254(20%,)-254(thus,)-253(the)-254(beam)-254(po)36(w)30(er)-253(is)-254(80)-254(k)36(W)96(.)-254(A)31(ccording)-254(to)] TJ 9.7634 0 0 9.9626 56.693 256.594 Tm [(the)-226(design)-226(s)15(tudy)-226(of)-226(this)-226(BN)16(CT)-226(mac)15(hine,)] TJ 9.9626 0 0 9.9626 214.126 256.594 Tm [(4)] TJ 0 TL /F3 1 Tf 9.9626 0 0 9.9626 220.55985 256.594 Tm [()] TJ /F2 1 Tf 9.9626 0 0 9.9626 228.34861 256.594 Tm [(10)] TJ 7.2727 0 0 7.2727 238.312 260.211 Tm [(9)] TJ 9.7634 0 0 9.9626 244.653 256.594 Tm [(n/cm)] TJ 7.2727 0 0 7.2727 264.18 260.211 Tm [(2)] TJ 9.7634 0 0 9.9626 268.314 256.594 Tm [(/s)-226(epi-)] TJ 9.9526 0 0 9.9626 56.693 244.6389 Tm [(ther)-20(mal)-250(neutrons)-250(are)-250(e)35(xpected)-250(at)-250(8)-250(Me)85(V)-250([1].)-333(This)-250(e)35(xpected)] TJ 10.0722 0 0 9.9626 56.444 232.684 Tm [(yield)-247(is)-247(tw)35(o)-247(times)-246(lar)14(g)25(er)-247(than)-246(the)-247(req)10(uired)] TJ 9.9626 0 0 9.9626 225.981 232.684 Tm [(2)] TJ /F3 1 Tf 9.9626 0 0 9.9626 233.16204 232.684 Tm [()] TJ /F2 1 Tf 9.9626 0 0 9.9626 241.69899 232.684 Tm [(10)] TJ 7.2727 0 0 7.2727 251.661 236.2999 Tm [(9)] TJ 10.0722 0 0 9.9626 258.281 232.684 Tm [(n/cm)] TJ 7.2727 0 0 7.2727 278.426 236.2999 Tm [(2)] TJ 10.0722 0 0 9.9626 282.56 232.684 Tm [(/s,)] TJ 10.0124 0 0 9.9626 56.693 220.729 Tm [(theref)40(ore,)-249(w)30(e)-249(can)-249(relax)-249(the)-249(beam)-249(po)35(w)30(er)-249(to)-249(1/2.)-332(T)75(aking)-249(into)] TJ 10.1619 0 0 9.9626 56.693 208.773 Tm [(account)-245(the)-245(reliability)-244(as)-245(a)-245(medical)-245(mac)15(hine,)-245(it)-245(is)-244(better)-245(to)] TJ 9.9626 0 0 9.9626 56.693 196.8179 Tm [(relax)-250(the)-250(duty)-250(f)25(actor)-250(as)-250(lo)35(w)-250(as)-250(possible.)] TJ 10.1619 0 0 9.9626 66.656 184.86 Tm [(A)20(t)-406(lo)35(w)29(er)-405(ener)14(gy)64(,)-446(f)40(or)-406(e)35(x)9(ample)-405(at)-406(3)-405(Me)83(V)103(,)-405(the)-406(neutron-)] TJ 9.7634 0 0 9.9626 56.693 172.905 Tm [(production)-214(cross)-214(section)-214(is)-213(decreased)-214(to)-214(less)-214(than)-214(1/10,)-222(there-)] TJ 10.1619 0 0 9.9626 56.693 160.95 Tm [(f)39(ore,)-338(f)39(or)-320(BN)15(CT)73(,)-319(CW)-320(operation)-320(is)-320(req)10(uired.)-550(On)-320(the)-320(other)] TJ 1.2 TL 10.1619 0 0 9.9626 56.693 148.99488 Tm [(hand,)-248(f)39(or)-247(man)29(y)-248(indus)15(tr)-19(ial)-248(applications,)-248(suc)15(h)-248(as)-247(neutron)-248(ra-)] TJ 10.1619 0 0 9.9626 56.693 137.03976 Tm [(diog)-10(raph)30(y)63(,)-316(the)-302(5-k)34(W)-302(beam)-302(po)34(w)30(er)-302(is)-302(enough.)-498(In)-302(addition,)] TJ 9.7634 0 0 9.9626 56.693 125.084 Tm [(pulse)-231(operation)-232(is)-231(impor)-26(tant)-231(f)35(eature)-231(because)-232(it)-231(enable)-232(the)-231(en-)] TJ 9.8929 0 0 9.9626 56.693 113.129 Tm [(er)15(gy)-252(measurement)-253(of)-253(the)-252(transmitted)-253(neutron)-252(b)30(y)-253(using)-252(time)] TJ 10.1619 0 0 9.9626 56.693 101.174 Tm [(of)-255(ight)-256(method.)-356(This)-256(kind)-255(of)-255(neutron)-256(source)-255(is)-255(of)-255(course)] TJ 9.9925 0 0 9.9626 56.444 89.219 Tm [(v)35(er)-20(y)-249(useful)-249(f)40(or)-249(the)-248(imaging)-249(de)25(vice)-249(s)15(tudy)75(.)-332(This)-249(beam)-249(po)35(w)30(er)] TJ 10.1619 0 0 9.9626 56.693 77.2639 Tm [(can)-262(be)-262(easil)24(y)-262(ac)15(hie)24(v)34(ed)-262(f)39(or)-262(e)34(x)10(ample)-262(with)-262(a)-262(peak)-263(cur)-24(rent)-262(of)] TJ ET /GS2 gs 1 0 0 1 56.693 68.903 cm /Cs8 CS 1 SCN 0.398 w 0 0 m 93.542 0 l S 1 0 0 1 -56.693 -68.903 cm BT /F3 1 Tf 6.1768 0 0 6.1768 56.693 62.381 Tm [(\002)] TJ /F2 1 Tf 7.9701 0 0 7.9701 62.671 59.488 Tm [(y)30(asuhiro.k)30(ondo@j-parc.jp)] TJ 10.1619 0 0 9.9626 304.724 622.347 Tm [(55)-256(mA)-256(and)-256(a)-256(duty)-256(f)24(actor)-256(of)-256(5%.)-359(This)-256(parameter)-256(is)-256(similar)] TJ 10.1619 0 0 9.9626 304.724 610.39188 Tm [(to)-310(the)-310(specication)-310(of)-310(the)-309(J-P)88(AR)39(C)-310(RFQ)-310([2])-309([3],)-326(thus)-310(can)] TJ 10.1619 0 0 9.9626 304.724 598.43676 Tm [(be)-245(ac)14(hie)25(v)34(ed)-245(without)-245(additional)-246(de)25(v)34(elopment.)-327(W)69(e)-246(had)-245(con-)] TJ 10.1619 0 0 9.9626 304.724 586.48164 Tm [(s)15(tr)-20(ucted)-250(a)-250(tes)15(t)-250(s)15(tand)-250(f)39(or)-250(J-P)88(AR)40(C)-250(RFQ)-250(in)-250(the)-250(J-P)88(AR)40(C)-250(linac)] TJ 9.9128 0 0 9.9626 304.724 574.527 Tm [(building)-252([3])-252(\(F)15(igure)-251(1\),)-252(and)-252(the)-252(potential)-252(of)-252(this)-252(accelerator)] TJ 9.9626 0 0 9.9626 304.724 562.571 Tm [(is)-250(50)-250(mA)-250(with)-250(3%)-250(duty)-250(f)25(actor)50(.)] TJ ET q 304.724 547.715 240.947 -131.768 re W n q 234.55323 0 0 131.76453 304.88882 416.28273 cm /Im1 Do Q Q BT 9.8231 0 0 9.9626 304.724 402.597 Tm [(F)15(igure)-253(1:)-338(J-P)92(AR)40(C)-253(RFQ)-254(tes)16(t)-254(s)16(tand)-254(at)-253(J-P)91(AR)41(C)-254(linac)-253(building.)] TJ 10.1619 0 0 9.9626 314.687 376.543 Tm [(This)-321(accelerator)-321(is,)-340(in)-320(a)-321(sense,)-340(already)-321(a)-321(compact)-321(neu-)] TJ 10.1619 0 0 9.9626 304.72427 364.58788 Tm [(tron)-296(source)-297(if)-296(an)-296(appropr)-20(iate)-296(neutron)-297(production)-296(tar)15(g)24(et)-296(is)] TJ 9.9427 0 0 9.9626 304.724 352.633 Tm [(ins)15(talled.)-334(This)-251(means)-251(that)-250(a)-251(v)35(er)-20(y)-251(compact)-251(5k)35(W)-250(pulsed)-251(neu-)] TJ 10.1619 0 0 9.9626 304.724 340.678 Tm [(tron)-302(source)-302(can)-301(be)-302(immediatel)24(y)-301(realized)-302(with)-302(es)15(tablished)] TJ 9.7634 0 0 9.9626 304.724 328.723 Tm [(tec)15(hnologies.)-322(A)20(t)-202(muc)15(h)-203(lo)36(w)31(er)-203(ener)15(gy)67(,)-213(f)40(or)-202(e)36(x)10(ample)-203(at)-203(2.5)-202(Me)87(V)107(,)] TJ 9.7634 0 0 9.9626 304.724 316.76788 Tm [(the)-247(neutron)-248(yield)-247(from)-248(the)-247(Be)-248(tar)16(g)25(et)-247(is)-248(too)-247(small,)-249(but)-248(this)-247(en-)] TJ 9.9427 0 0 9.9626 304.724 304.812 Tm [(er)15(gy)-251(is)-252(suitable)-251(f)40(or)-252(lithium)-251(tar)15(g)25(et.)-337(Ho)35(w)30(e)25(v)35(er)40(,)-251(more)-252(intensiv)35(e)] TJ 10.1619 0 0 9.9626 304.724 292.857 Tm [(de)24(v)35(elopment)-245(is)-245(needed)-245(to)-245(realize)-245(easy)-245(to)-245(use)-245(Li)-245(tar)14(g)25(ets)-245(f)39(or)] TJ 9.9626 0 0 9.9626 304.724 280.902 Tm [(neutron)-250(sources.)] TJ 10.1619 0 0 9.9626 314.687 268.5819 Tm [(From)-323(the)-323(abo)34(v)35(e)-323(discussions,)-343(w)29(e)-323(decided)-323(that)-323(the)-323(base-)] TJ 10.1619 0 0 9.9626 304.72427 256.62678 Tm [(line)-318(of)-317(the)-317(OIS)19(T)-317(BN)14(CT)-317(accelerator)-317(is)-318(a)-317(10-Me)83(V)103(,)-318(50-mA)] TJ 9.7634 0 0 9.9626 304.724 244.672 Tm [(pulsed)-172(linac.)-312(The)-172(linac)-172(based)-172(sy)26(s)15(tem)-172(enables)-172(the)-172(v)36(er)-20(y)-172(e)35(xible)] TJ 9.8032 0 0 9.9626 304.724 232.7169 Tm [(operation)-254(with)-255(the)-254(repetition)-255(freq)10(uency)-254(from)-254(the)-255(single)-254(shot)] TJ 10.1619 0 0 9.9626 304.724 220.762 Tm [(to)-254(200)-254(Hz,)-257(and)-254(the)-254(pulse)-255(length)-254(from)-254(50)] TJ /F5 1 Tf 9.9626 0 0 9.9626 470.176 220.762 Tm [()] TJ /F2 1 Tf 10.1619 0 0 9.9626 475.416 220.762 Tm [(s)-254(to)-254(1)-255(ms)-254(\(up)-254(to)] TJ 10.1619 0 0 9.9626 304.72352 208.80688 Tm [(20%)-257(duty)-257(f)25(actor\).)-361(As)-257(f)39(or)-257(the)-257(beam)-256(ener)14(gy)64(,)-260(there)-256(is)-257(almos)15(t)] TJ 9.7634 0 0 9.9626 304.724 196.851 Tm [(no)-250(impact)-250(to)-250(the)-250(DTL)-250(design)-250(whether)-250(the)-250(8)-250(Me)87(V)-250(or)-250(10)-250(Me)87(V)] TJ 10.0124 0 0 9.9626 304.724 184.896 Tm [(is)-250(adopted.)-334(F)15(inal)-249(ener)14(gy)-249(should)-250(be)-250(optimized)-249(to)-250(maximum)] TJ 10.1419 0 0 9.9626 304.724 172.9409 Tm [(the)-246(fraction)-247(of)-246(epi-ther)-20(mal)-246(neutrons)-247(and)-246(minimize)-246(the)-247(f)25(as)14(t)] TJ 9.9626 0 0 9.9626 304.724 160.986 Tm [(neutrons)-250(and)-250(g)20(amma-ra)30(y)25(s.)] TJ /F1 1 Tf 11.9552 0 0 11.9552 328.098 136.395 Tm [(P)80(ARAMETER)-250(C)15(ONSIDERA)60(TIONS)] TJ /F2 1 Tf 9.9227 0 0 9.9626 314.687 119.264 Tm [(In)-251(moder)-20(n)-251(high)-251(intensity)-251(proton)-251(linac,)-251(the)-251(maximum)-251(sur)45(-)] TJ 9.853 0 0 9.9626 304.724 107.309 Tm [(f)25(ace)-252(electr)-20(ic)-252(elds)-252(of)-252(RFQs)-252(are)-252(typicall)25(y)-252(a)-252(f)36(e)30(w)-252(times)-252(higher)] TJ 10.1619 0 0 9.9626 304.724 95.354 Tm [(than)-301(those)-300(of)-301(other)-300(ca)29(vities,)-314(thus)-301(the)-300(RFQs)-301(tend)-301(to)-300(easil)24(y)] TJ 10.1619 0 0 9.9626 304.724 83.39888 Tm [(disc)15(har)14(g)25(e.)-371(T)89(o)-260(impro)34(v)34(e)-259(the)-260(disc)15(har)14(g)25(e)-260(hardness,)-263(decreasing)] TJ 10.1619 0 0 9.9626 304.724 71.44376 Tm [(the)-272(sur)-19(f)24(ace)-271(eld)-272(is)-272(v)35(er)-20(y)-272(e\002ectiv)35(e.)-406(Ho)34(w)29(e)25(v)34(er)39(,)-278(if)-272(the)-271(sur)-20(f)25(ace)] TJ 10.1619 0 0 9.9626 304.724 59.48864 Tm [(eld)-249(is)-249(decreased,)-250(the)-249(RFQ)-249(become)-249(long)25(er)-249(and)-249(di\003cult)-249(to)] TJ 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