Formatting Citations

Basics

JACoW is using a reference style that is based on “IEEE Transactions, Journals, and Letters” (IEEEtran) [1].

These are the recommendations for citations/references (see ANNEX B [2]):

  • References are cited numerically.
  • Every reference gets a separate number entry.
  • References appear in the text [in square brackets] inside the punctuation.
  • Reference list numbers are right aligned (see ANNEX B, Alignment of References, Table 1 [2]).
  • All citations of figures and tables in text must be in numerical order.
  • References need to be cited in the text.
  • Use of one reference number to designate a group of references is not allowed.
  • Use “et al.” when more than six author names are given.
  • DOIs and URLs should appear at the end of references.
  • References should include enough relevant information for readers to find them.
  • References should be listed as concisely and consistently as possible throughout a paper.
  • Journal names should use standard abbreviations [3].

Author Listing

Careful attention should be given to the placing of commas and the use of ‘and’ in the author list (see rules below). In particular, for the case of six or more authors (as in ANNEX B Ref. [3]), a comma also follows the penultimate author. The preference for “et al.” takes precedence when the number of authors becomes large (e.g., >6).

Syntax and Punctuation in Author Listings
Author name only in this sequence: first name initial [+ middle name initial(s)] + full last name
1++: "one author + et al.," ⟿ no comma before "et al."
        ⟿ "T. Adams et al.,"
2:     "first author and second author," ⟿ no comma before "and"
        ⟿ "T. Adams and J.C. Smith,"
3+:   "first author, second author, and third author," ⟿ ", and" with comma before last author
        ⟿ "T. Adams, S. Baker, and J.C. Smith,"
3++: "first author, second author, et al.," ⟿ comma before "et al." only if more than one name
        ⟿ "T. Adams, S. Baker, C. Cross, J.C. Smith, et al.,"

Paper Title

As is modern practice in references, the title of the paper is written in sentence case, i.e., only the initial letter of the first word in the title is capitalized. Proper nouns, however, also have a capital. Capital letters appearing in acronyms likewise remain unaltered.

Conference Proceedings

The proceedings title is written in title case in italics using standard abbreviations, such as Int. and Conf. The preposition, “in”, in normal font, precedes the proceedings title. The location, i.e., city, state (if USA), and country of the conference venue, the month (three-letter abbreviation) and the year the conference took place, is then listed. Finally, details pertaining to the paper itself, such as the conference paper ID and mandatory page numbers are given. The conference paper ID is optional, and may be included in the interest of facilitating a search through internet search engines. The complete or abbreviated form for citations, as shown in the following section, is recommended. The former is more informative to readers outside the immediate conference sphere. Both forms, however, ensure a proper import into digital libraries and information sources such as INSPIRE, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Authors are also reminded to make a distinction between papers published in JACoW proceedings (which will always have page numbers) and those papers that may have been presented at past JACoW conferences but were not published (as in ANNEX B Ref. [4]). References to contributions presented at the same conference should be written as shown in (as in ANNEX B Ref. [5]); the wording “this conference” may be optionally appended.

Referencing Periodicals and Other Sources

The IEEE style is also shown for periodicals (as in ANNEX B Refs. [6-11]), online sources (as Ref. [12]), books (as Refs. [13, 14]), internal reports (as Ref. [15]), theses (as Ref. [16]), manuals or handbooks (as Ref. [17]), patents (as Ref. [18]) and unpublished material (as Refs. [19, 20]).

Alignment of References

Entries to the References section follow a hanging in-dent structure. In this way, reference numbers in the first line of each reference entry are right aligned, while subsequent lines within a given reference are indented by a specified amount. The indentation values for Word are shown in Table 1 (see ANNEX B, Alignment of References, Table 1 [2) and depend on whether the number of references exceeds single digit values.

In the LaTeX template, \bibliography{9} is used for when the total number of references is less than ten. This should be changed to \bibliography{99} if the number of references is ten or more.

Examples from ANNEX B

Paper Published in a Conference Proceedings

Complete Form

[1]A. Alpha and B. T. Beta, “An interesting paper”, in
 Proc. 1st Int. Particle Accelerator Conf. (IPAC’10),
 Kyoto, Japan, May 2010, pp. 567-569.
 doi:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2010-MOP057

Conference Proceedings, two authors; with DOI

[2]A. Alpha et al., “A fascinating paper about FELs”, in
 Proc. 35th Int. Free-Electron Laser Conf. (FEL’13),
 New York, NY, USA, Aug. 2013, paper WEP033, pp. 27-29.
 doi:10.18429/JACoW-FEL2013-WEP033

Conference Proceedings, for more than six authors use “et al.”; with DOI, paper ID is optional

[3]A. Alpha, B. T. Beta, C. Gamma, and D. Delta, “An over-view of
 control systems”, in Proc. 13th Int. Conf. on Accelerator and
 Large Experimental Physics Control Systems (ICALEPCS’11),
 Grenoble, France, Oct. 2011, paper TUP014, pp. 89-91.
 doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2011-TUP014

Conference Proceedings, four authors; with DOI and optional paper ID

Abbreviated Form

[1]A. Alpha and B. T. Beta, “An interesting paper”, in
 Proc. IPAC’10, Kyoto, Japan, May 2010, paper MOP057,
 pp. 567-569. doi:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2010-MOP057

Conference Proceedings, two authors; with DOI and optional paper ID

[2]A. Alpha et al., “A fascinating paper about FELs”, in
 Proc. FEL’13, New York, NY, USA, Aug. 2013,
 paper WEP033, pp. 27-29. doi:10.18429/JACoW-FEL2013-WEP033

Conference Proceedings, for more than six authors use “et al.”; with DOI and paper ID is optional

[3]A. Alpha, B. T. Beta, C. Gamma, and D. Delta, “An overview of
 control systems”, in Proc. ICALEPCS’11, Grenoble, France,
 Oct. 2011, pp. 89-91. doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2011-TUP014

Conference Proceedings, four authors; with DOI

Unpublished Paper Presented at a Previous Conference

Complete Form

[4]A. Alpha and B. T. Beta, “An interesting talk”, presented at
 the 5th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf. (IPAC’14), Dresden,
 Germany, Jun. 2014, paper MOP057, unpublished.

Unpublished paper; conference name in normal font; paper ID may only be given
if material supplementing the proceedings exists on the JACoW website, e.g., PDF of talk

Abbreviated Form

[4]A. Alpha and B. T. Beta, “An interesting talk”, presented at
 IPAC’14, Dresden, Germany, Jun. 2014, paper MOP057,
 unpublished.

Unpublished paper; conference name in normal font; paper ID may only be given
if material supplementing the proceedings exists on the JACoW website, e.g., PDF of talk

Paper Presented at the Current Conference

Complete Form

[5]A. Alpha and B. T. Beta, “An interesting talk”, presented at
 the 7th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf. (IPAC’16),
 Busan, Korea, May 2016, paper MOAB01, this conference.

Current conference; conference name in normal font; the wording “this conference” is optional

Abbreviated Form

[5]A. Alpha and B. T. Beta, “An interesting talk”, presented at
 IPAC’16, Busan, Korea, May 2016, paper MOAB01, this
 conference.

Current conference; conference name in normal font; the wording “this conference” is optional

Paper Published in, or Submitted to, a Periodical

Published

[6]P. Mercury et al., “Title of paper published in journal”,
 Phy. Rev. Lett., vol. 114, no. 5, p. 050511, Feb. 2014.
 doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.050511

Periodical, Phys. Rev. Lett. with article DOI; issue no. and month may be omitted

[7]P. Venus et al., “New techniques in laser wakefield accel-
 erators”, Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams, vol. 18, p. 120198,
 Dec. 2015.   doi:10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.18.120198

Periodical, Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams with article DOI; month may be omitted

[8]T. Earth et al., “Low dose irradiation impact on modern
 silicon detectors”, Nucl. Instr. Meth., vol. 692, pp. 256-280,
 2014.   doi:10.1016/j.nima.2014.165972

Periodical, Nucl. Instr. Method with article DOI.

[9]T. Earth, L. Moon, and A. Belt, “Temporal correlations of
 x-ray free electron lasers”, Optics Express, vol. 20,
 pp. 11396-11404, 2012.   doi:10.1364/OE.14437

Periodical, Optics Express with article DOI.

Submitted

[10]J. B. Good, “A paper accepted for publication”, Phys. Rev. Lett.,
 to be published.

Periodical, paper accepted for publication by Phys. Rev. Lett.

[11]G. D. Read, “Title of paper submitted for publication”,
 submitted for publication.

Paper submitted for publication; the name of the periodical does not appear

Online Source

[12]JACoW, http://www.jacow.org

online source; no hyperlink, no period at end of URL unless there is a trailing “/” as shown below.
A monospace font, such as Liberation Mono (size 7.5 pt), is used in Word 2016 or Lucida Sans Typewriter
(size 7.5 pt) in earlier Word versions where the Liberation Mono font may not be available. The ‘url’ package
in LaTeX uses the Latin Modern Typewriter font (size 9 pt)

[12]JACoW, http://www.jacow.org/.

online source; no hyperlink, period after traling “/” in URL allowed. A monospace font, such as
Liberation Mono (size 7.5 pt), is used in Word 2016 or Lucida Sans Typewriter (size 7.5 pt) in earlier Word
versions where the Liberation Mono font may not be available. The ‘url’ package in LaTeX uses the Latin
Modern Typewriter font (size 9 pt)

Citations to Books

[13]T. Earth and L. Moon, “Title of chapter in the book”, in
 Title of Book, R Mars, Ed. New York, NY, USA: Wiley,
 1994, pp. 42-48.

Chapter in book

[14]A. Belt, Title of Book. Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Press, 1986.

Book

Reports and Theses

[15]G. Jupiter et al., “Title of report”, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland,
 Rep. CERN-2012-333, Oct. 2012.

Report

[16]A. Student, “Title of thesis”, Ph.D. thesis, Phys. Dept.,
 Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Karlsruhe, Germany, 2014.

Thesis

Manual

[17]IEEE Editorial Style Manual, IEEE Periodicals, Piscataway,
 NJ, USA, Oct. 2014, pp. 34-52;
 http://www.ieee.org/documents/style_manual.pdf

Handbook/Manual, no hyperlink, no period after URL

Patents

[18]A. N. Inventor, “Title of patent”, Patent Authority and No.,
 Jan. 20, 2016.

Unpublished Work and Private Communication

[19]P. Neptune, “Title of paper”, unpublished.

Unpublished

[20]P. Uranus, private communication, Jun. 2015.

Private communication

References

[1]IEEE Editorial Style Manual, IEEE Periodicals, Piscataway, NJ, USA, Oct. 2014,
 pp. 34-52; http://www.ieee.org/documents/style_manual.pdf
[2]Preparation of papers for JACoW conferences, http://jacow.org/
[3]Journal Abbreviations, https://woodward.library.ubc.ca/researchhelp/journal-abbreviations/
last update December 08, 2021, at 05:23 PM Volker RW Schaa
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